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CHUDEX GLOBAL SERVICES. For quality and reliable Solar System Design and Installation such as: * Inverter battery backup system. * Solar hybrid system services. * Off Grid system services. * Solar street/road lights. * Rural electrification using solar power. * Solar water pumps. * Sales and supplies of solar materials and accessories. Etc. * Training on solar. * General contract. Let's the power of the sun �� work for you. Call/WhatsApp: +2347031540604
Sunday, February 7, 2021
Understanding Solar Battery Charging Stages
UNDERSTANDING SOLAR BATTERY CHARGING STAGES
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Having trouble understanding battery charging stages?
We admit it. . .batteries are confusing.
To add further complication to the mix, your solar charge controller or inverter/charger (with generator) has several stages of charging. Understanding each stage can help you protect and prolong the life of your battery.
It is extremely important, that the program settings for the charge controller or inverter/charger are correct. This will help preserve and extend the battery life. Do not assume that the default settings are correct, 95% of the time the default settings are incorrect. If you have questions on how to program your controller, please give us a call.
There are four stages to your battery charging.
Bulk – is typically the first stage of charging. Bulk begins when the sun comes out or the generator turns on. This stage occurs when the batteries are at a lower state-of-charge, generally anything less than 80% full. The Bulk stage basically allows the solar panel or generator to put as much amperage into the batteries as possible. As the batteries collect electricity, the voltage will slowly rise over time.
Absorb – once the batteries reach the programmed “Absorb Voltage”, usually somewhere between 14.4 – 14.8 Volts for lead-acid batteries, the batteries will go into the Absorb stage. Typically, when a battery reaches this stage they are around 80-90% full depending on the charge rate. During this stage, the batteries are kept at the programmed voltage, and the amperage going into the batteries reduces as the batteries become more full. The Absorb stage ends after the programed time is reached or the number of amps going into the battery falls below a preset number.
Float – upon the completion of the Absorb stage, the charge controller will drop the voltage to a preset value and begin the Float stage. The batteries achieve float stage when they are at 100% charge. Remember it is very important to program your controller or charger correctly.
Equalization – is a controlled overcharge that is done on a periodic basis. To learn more about a controll
ed overcharge and Equalization read our post 8 tips for Extending Battery Life For Your Solar Power System.
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Friday, October 24, 2014
solar energy
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History of Solar Thermal
With an abundance of solar
energy - enough shining on the Earth every hour to meet the world demand
for an entire year - it's no surprise that solar radiation has time and
again been harnessed to meet the growing needs of mankind.
From ancient Mediterranean
homes built to face the sun during the cold winter months to highly
sophisticated thin-film photovoltaic cells, which generate electricity
from sunlight, solar energy continues to be a leading source of
alternative energy.
In 1912, these parabolic solar
collectors, built on a small farming community on the Nile River 15
miles south of Cairo, Egypt, were developed by a Philadelphia inventor,
entrepreneur, and solar visionary named Frank Shuman. Each collector was
204 feet in length, 13 feet in width and was fitted with a mechanical
tracker which kept it automatically tilted to appropriately absorb the
sun.
The heat collected by these
reflectors was used to produce steam to power a series of large water
pumps. Together they produced the equivalent of 55 horsepower and were
capable of pumping an astonishing 6000 gallons of water per minute,
bringing irrigation water to vast areas of arid desert land.
After the war, as the world
discovered the vast oil fields in Iraq, Iran, and Venezuela, the allure
of limitless solar energy was diminished and Shuman returned to his
hometown of Tacony, in Pennsylvania, never to realize his dreams and
visions.
Solar radiation, an
emission-free and inexhaustible supply of energy, is the most abundant
of all known energy sources in the world. Utilizing solar technology and
other forms of renewable energy helps to reduce reliance on fossil
fuels for energy production, thus directly reducing CO 2 emissions which
contribute to artificial climate change and global warming.
Solar Thermal - How Solar Water Heaters Work
The operation of the solar collector is as follows:
1. Solar Absorption: Solar thermal energy is absorbed within the evacuated tubes and is converted into usable concentrated heat.
2. Solar Thermal Transfer: Copper heat pipes transfer the thermal energy from within the solar tube into the copper header. 3. Solar Thermal Storage: A thermal transfer solution (water or glycol mixture) is pumped through the copper header. As the solution circulates through the copper header the temperature is raised by 5-10 °C / 9-18 °F.
Evacuated Tubes:
The most efficient thermal collector on the market, the glass tubes
absorb solar thermal energy for use in water heating. The tubes have a
double wall, the area between the inner and outer layers of the wall are
evacuated ( a vacuum). This acts as a thermos to keep heat from
escaping into the atmosphere.
The evacuated tubes are glass tubes manufactured from strengthened
borosilicate glass. The tubes have a double outer layer; the outer layer
is fully transparent to allow solar energy to pass through unimpeded.
The inner layer is treated with a selective optical coating which causes
energy absorption without reflection. The inner and outer layer are
fused at high temperatures at the end leaving an empty space between the
inner and outer layers. All air is pumped out of the space between the
two layers (evacuation process) creating the thermos effect which stops
conductive and convective transfer of heat which might otherwise escape
into the atmosphere. Heat loss is further reduced by the low-emissivity
nature of the type of glass that is used.
Heat Pipe: Inside
the glass tube is the copper heat pipe. It is a sealed hollow copper
tube that contains a small amount of proprietary liquid, which under low
pressure boils at a very low temperature. In fact the liquid contained
in the heat pipe boils at only 86 °F (30 °C).
This heat pipe rapidly and
efficiently transfers the captured thermal energy through the evacuated
tube and delivers it to the manifold (header) as the liquid boils and
rises. As the heat is removed from the heat pipe by the copper header,
the liquid condenses and gravity returns it to the base of the heat pipe
so that the process is continually repeated.
Because the evacuated tubes are round, they serve as a passive tracking solar collector maximizing their performance.
2. Solar Heat Exchanger Tanks
• Brass valves and components
• Includes temperature and pressure relief valve • Collector feed and return fittings located at front of tank for convenient installation • Highly efficient tank design • Highly efficient heating element • Prolonged tank life due to specially designed inner tank lining that resists corrosion • Copper tube heat exchanger • Bottom inlet for cold water to prevent mixing with hot water • Easily accessible inlets, outlets, valves and anode rod to quick install. • Automated temperature control valve • Temperature overheat protection.
The solar heat exchanger tank
stores 80 or 120 gallons of solar heated water depending on model
selected. Typically the heat exchanger tank sits between the city/well
water supply and the customers existing tank.
When hot water is drawn from
the existing tank, it is replaced by water from the solar tank that is
already hot, meaning that the heating elements or gas burner of the
existing tank do not have to operate.
3. Solar Pumping Station, Pumps & Controllers
Tying the collectors and the tank together is a system that consists of valves, a controller, and a pump.
Solar Controllers, Solar Water PumpsSPP Solar Pump StationThe SPP iSolar Differential Controllers and Solar Pump Stations are available in various configurations and also sold separately. Consult your sales engineer for the combination that is right for your system. The SPP iSolar Controller can be integrated with the SPP Pump Station giving it that “appliance look”.The SPP Pump Station is a pre-assembled unit designed for transferring heat from solar thermal collectors to a storage tank. These pump stations are used on the primary circulating loop of solar hot water heating systems to control the temperature of the water in the storage tank. The pump inside the unit is activated by the signal from the differential controller, which is inset into the pump station. The unit contains functional and safety devices for optimal control of solar water heating, and are available with a return connection only.Design Features: Check valve to prevent thermo circulation-Valves for flushing, filling, and emptying the system-Flow control valve with flow meter for displaying and setting the flow rate-In line thermometer for displaying return temperatures-Pressure gauge for displaying the system pressure-Safety relief valve to prevent overpressure-Three-speed Wilo solar pump for wide range of flow rates.
The SPP iSolar Controllers come in 4 different models and feature
multi-functional temperature control with additional functions available
depending on model. The controllers can be used for a wide variety of
applications and has inputs for four PT-1000 sensors. Preset factory
defaults are defined for control of a solar water heating system, and
have a built in second relay (some models) to divert any surplus heat
that may be generated by the solar thermal collectors. The auxiliary
relay can also be used to maintain tank temperature, protect the system
from overheating, or divert the excess heat to another source.
The SPP iSolar controller (below) is integrated into the pump station.Best Of Breed Solar Pump and Controller Solutions
Another option is to let us help you create a engineered solution for
your specific application by combining a Steca solar controller with a
custom design including the necessary pumps, valves and fittings.
*The Steca Controller is typically used to run the circulation pump. The
valve used for diverting the water/glycol mixture is controlled by a
SPP-provided proprietary circuit.
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